Contents Chapter 1 Limitations of the Comparative Advantage Development Strategy / 002 Section1: Controversies of the Comparative Advantage Development Strategy / 002 I. The Comparative Advantage Development Strategy and Its Theoretical Development / 002 II. Academic Critiques of the Comparative Advantage Development Strategy / 004 Section 2: Comparative Advantage under Conditions of Large Country Demand, Economies of Scale, and Factor Mobility / 008 I. Basic Model Setup / 008 II. Large Country Demand and Comparative Advantage / 018 III. Economies of Scale and Comparative Advantage / 022 IV. Factor Mobility and Comparative Advantage / 032 Section 3:Scope of Application of Comparative Advantage Theory / 042 I. Scope of Application / 042 II. Beware of the “Comparative Advantage Trap” / 046 Chapter 2 The Rise and Defects of Michael Porter′s CompetitiveA dvantage Theory / 050 Section1: Michael Porter′s Competitive Advantage Theory / 050 I. Michael Porter′s Diamond Model of Competitive Advantage Theory / 050 II. Four Stages of National Competitive Advantage Development / 054 Section 2: Critique of Comparative Advantage Theory by Competitive Advantage Theory / 056 I. Views of Competitive Advantage Theory / 056 II. Industrial Export Data Fail to Support Comparative Advantage Theory / 058 Section 3: Limitations of Michael Porter′s Competitive Advantage Theory / 064 I. Insufficient Understanding of the Role of Government / 064 II. Inadequate Explanation of How to Upgrade from Low to High Development Stages / 066 目錄 第一章 比較優(yōu)勢(shì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的局限性/ 003 第一節(jié) 比較優(yōu)勢(shì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略面臨的爭(zhēng)議/ 003 一、比較優(yōu)勢(shì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略及其理論發(fā)展/ 003 二、學(xué)界對(duì)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的質(zhì)疑/ 005 第二節(jié) 大國(guó)需求、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)與要素可流動(dòng)條件下的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)/ 009 一、基本模型設(shè)定/ 009 二、大國(guó)需求與比較優(yōu)勢(shì)/ 019 三、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)與比較優(yōu)勢(shì)/ 023 四、要素可流動(dòng)與比較優(yōu)勢(shì)/ 033 第三節(jié) 比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論的適用范圍/ 043 一、適用范圍/ 043 二、警惕“比較優(yōu)勢(shì)陷阱”/ 047 第二章 邁克爾·波特競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論的興起與缺陷/ 051 第一節(jié) 邁克爾·波特競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論/ 051 一、邁爾克·波特競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論的鉆石模型/ 051 二、國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)發(fā)展的四個(gè)階段/ 055 第二節(jié) 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論對(duì)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論的批判/ 057 一、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論的觀點(diǎn)/ 057 二、產(chǎn)業(yè)出口數(shù)據(jù)難以佐證比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論/ 059 第三節(jié) 邁克爾·波特競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論的局限/ 065 一、對(duì)政府作用的認(rèn)識(shí)存在不足/ 065 二、對(duì)如何從低發(fā)展階段向高發(fā)展階段升級(jí)未做足夠闡釋/ 067 Chapter 3 Mezzoeconomics and Its Competitive Advantage Theory / 070 Section 1: The Inheritance and Development of Mezzoeconomics to Existing Economic Theories / 070 Section 2: Core Concepts of Mezzoeconomics / 076 I. “Urban Resources” “Resource Generation”, and “Generative Resources” / 076 II. “Primary Resources” “Secondary Resources”, and “Inverse Resources” / 084 III. The “Efficient Markets” + “Effective Governments” Combination Model in Mezzoeconomics / 086 Section 3: Dual Attributes of Regional Governments and Dual-entity Theory of Market Competition / 090 I.“Quasi-micro” Attributes of Regional Governments / 090 II. “Quasi-macro” Attributes of Regional Governments / 097 III. Regions Competition under the Leadership of Regional Governments / 098 IV. Dual-entity Theory of Market Competition / 100 Section 4: Three Levels of Competitive Advantage Theory in Mezzoeconomics / 106 I. “9-in-3” Competition of Regional Governments / 106 II. Four Stages of Regional Economic Growth / 108 III. Gradient Transference Model of Regional Economic Competition / 112 Chapter 4 “9-in-3” Competitive Performance of Regional Governments / 116 Section 1: Characteristics of Regional Government Competition / 116 I. Objectives of Regional Government Competition / 116 II. Differences between Regional Government Competition and Enterprise Competition / 122 Section 2: The Key to Aspects of Regional Government Competition / 128 I. Concept Innovation / 130 II. Institutional Innovation / 132 III. Organizational Innovation / 133 IV. Technological Innovation / 135 Section 3: “9-in-3” Competition of Regional Governments / 136 I. Level of Regional Economic Development / 140 II. Regional Economic Policy Measures / 142 III. Regional Economic Management Efficiency / 146 第三章 中觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)及其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論/ 071 第一節(jié) 中觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)對(duì)現(xiàn)有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論的繼承與發(fā)展/ 071 第二節(jié) 中觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的核心概念/ 077 一、“城市資源”“資源生成”與“生成性資源”/ 077 二、“原生性資源”“次生性資源”與“逆生性資源”/ 085 三、中觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)下的“有效市場(chǎng)”+“有為政府”組合模式/ 087 第三節(jié) 區(qū)域政府雙重屬性與市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)雙重主體論/ 091 一、區(qū)域政府的“準(zhǔn)微觀”屬性/ 091 二、區(qū)域政府的“準(zhǔn)宏觀”屬性/ 097 三、區(qū)域政府引領(lǐng)下的區(qū)域競(jìng)爭(zhēng)/ 099 四、市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)雙重主體論/ 101 第四節(jié) 中觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論的三個(gè)層次/ 107 一、區(qū)域政府的“三類九要素”競(jìng)爭(zhēng)/ 107 二、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的四個(gè)階段/ 109 三、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)梯度推移模型/ 113 第四章 區(qū)域政府“三類九要素”競(jìng)爭(zhēng)表現(xiàn)/ 117 第一節(jié) 區(qū)域政府競(jìng)爭(zhēng)特點(diǎn)/ 117 一、區(qū)域政府競(jìng)爭(zhēng)目標(biāo)/ 117 二、區(qū)域政府競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的區(qū)別/ 123 第二節(jié) 區(qū)域政府競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的關(guān)鍵/ 129 一、理念創(chuàng)新/ 131 二、制度創(chuàng)新/ 133 三、組織創(chuàng)新/ 133 四、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新/ 135 第三節(jié) 區(qū)域政府“三類九要素”競(jìng)爭(zhēng)/ 137 一、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平/ 141 二、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)政策措施/ 143 三、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)管理效率/ 147 Section 4: Determination Mechanism of Regional Government Competitiveness: DRP Model / 152 I. Fiscal Surplus and “9-in-3” Determination Mechanism / 152 II. Comprehensive Measurement and Objective Function / 160 III. Government Performance Evaluation System / 164 Chapter 5 Four Stages Competitive Dynamic Characteristics of Regional Economic Gorwth / 176 Section 1: Growth Stage Dominated by Industrial Economic Competition and Cooperation / 176 I. Competition for Primary Resources / 176 II. Regional Industrial Policy Matching in the Growth Stage Dominated by Industrial Economic Competition and Cooperation / 179 III. Three Processes in the Growth Stage Dominated by Industrial Economic Competition and Cooperation / 180 Section 2: Growth Stage Dominated by Urban Economic Competition and Cooperation / 183 I. The Process of Investment-driven Economic Growth Is the Development and Competition for Secondary Resources by Regional Governments / 184 II. Regional Governments Supporting Policies in the Growth Stage Dominated by Urban Economic Competition and Cooperation / 186 III. Dynamic Evolution of the Growth Stage Dominated by Urban Economic Competition and Cooperation / 188 Section 3: Growth Stage Dominated by Innovative Economic Competition and Cooperation / 191 I. Concept Innovation of Regional Governments / 192 II. Technological Innovation of Regional Governments / 194 III. Organizational Innovation of Regional Governments / 194 IV. Institutional Innovation of Regional Governments / 194 Section 4: Growth Stage Dominated by Shared Economic Competition and Cooperation / 196 I. Characteristics of the Growth Stage Dominated by Shared Economic Competition and Cooperation / 198 II. Four Basic Principles for Shared Products between Regional Governments / 202 第四節(jié) 區(qū)域政府競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力決定機(jī)制：DRP 模型/ 153 一、財(cái)政盈余與“三類九要素”的決定機(jī)制/ 153 二、綜合測(cè)度和目標(biāo)函數(shù)/ 161 三、政府績(jī)效評(píng)估體系/ 165 第五章 區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)四階段競(jìng)爭(zhēng)動(dòng)態(tài)特征/ 177 第一節(jié) 由產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作主導(dǎo)的增長(zhǎng)階段/ 177 一、對(duì)原生性資源的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)/ 177 二、由產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作主導(dǎo)的增長(zhǎng)階段的區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)政策匹配/ 179 三、由產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作主導(dǎo)的增長(zhǎng)階段的三個(gè)過程/ 181 第二節(jié) 由城市經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作主導(dǎo)的增長(zhǎng)階段/ 183 一、投資驅(qū)動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的過程是區(qū)域政府對(duì)次生性資源的開發(fā)與爭(zhēng)奪/ 185 二、由城市經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作主導(dǎo)的增長(zhǎng)階段的區(qū)域政府配套政策/ 187 三、由城市經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作主導(dǎo)的增長(zhǎng)階段的動(dòng)態(tài)演進(jìn)/ 189 第三節(jié) 由創(chuàng)新經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作主導(dǎo)的增長(zhǎng)階段/ 191 一、區(qū)域政府理念創(chuàng)新/ 193 二、區(qū)域政府技術(shù)創(chuàng)新/ 195 三、區(qū)域政府組織創(chuàng)新/ 195 四、區(qū)域政府制度創(chuàng)新/ 195 第四節(jié) 由共享經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作主導(dǎo)的增長(zhǎng)階段/ 197 一、由共享經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作主導(dǎo)的增長(zhǎng)階段的特點(diǎn)/ 199 二、四種共享產(chǎn)品與區(qū)域政府間應(yīng)遵循的基本原則/ 203 Chapter 6 The Formation of Regional Economic Competition Gradient Structure and Gradient Equilibrium / 204 Section 1: Introduction to the Gradient Transference Model of Regional Economic / 204 Section 2: Four Supporting Economic Theories for the Gradient Transference Model of Regional Economic / 210 Section 3: Four Characteristics of the Gradient Transference Model of Regional Economic / 212 Section 4: Development Strategies for Livelihood Economy, Industrial Economy, and Urban Economy / 214 I. Safeguarding, Supporting, and Upgrading the Livelihood Economy / 214 II. Guiding, Adjusting, and Warning the Industrial Economy / 226 III. Allocating, Participating in, and Maintaining Order in Urban Economy / 244 Section 5: Building New Engines for Economic Growth / 264 I. Building a New Global Investment Engines / 264 II. Building a New Global Innovation Engine / 268 III. Building a New Global Regulation Engine / 272 Chapter 7 Practical Experience of Competitive Economic Growth in Shenzhen / 276 Section 1: Growth Stage Dominated by Industrial Economic Competition and Cooperation / 276 I. Constraints of Land and Capital Factors / 278 II. Solutions by the Shenzhen Government / 280 III. Industrial Structure in the Early Stages of the Special Economic Zone / 282 Section 2: Growth Stage Dominated by Urban Economic Competition and Cooperation / 286 I. Loans for Infrastructure Construction / 286 II. Encouraging Social Capital Participation in Infrastructure Construction / 288 III. Development and Allocation of Secondary Resources in Shenzhen Metro Construction and Operation / 290 Section 3: Growth Stage Dominated by Innovative Economic Competition and Cooperation / 294 I. The Special Zone Is No Longer Special / 294 II. Construction of an Innovative City / 298 III. The “Focus Point” Effect of Daring to Be the First / 302 IV. Revisiting Shenzhen′s Industrial Structure / 308 第六章 區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)梯度結(jié)構(gòu)與梯度均衡的形成/ 205 第一節(jié) 區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)梯度推移模型介紹/ 205 第二節(jié) 區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)梯度推移模型的四種支持性經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)說/ 211 第三節(jié) 區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)梯度推移模型的四個(gè)特點(diǎn)/ 213 第四節(jié) 民生經(jīng)濟(jì)、產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)與城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略/ 215 一、保障、托底、提升民生經(jīng)濟(jì)/ 215 二、導(dǎo)向、調(diào)節(jié)、預(yù)警產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)/ 227 三、調(diào)配、參與、維序城市經(jīng)濟(jì)/ 245 第五節(jié) 構(gòu)建經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)新引擎/ 265 一、構(gòu)建全球投資新引擎/ 265 二、構(gòu)建全球創(chuàng)新新引擎/ 269 三、構(gòu)建全球規(guī)則新引擎/ 273 第七章 深圳競(jìng)爭(zhēng)型經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)/ 277 第一節(jié) 由產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作主導(dǎo)的增長(zhǎng)階段/ 277 一、土地與資本要素約束/ 279 二、深圳政府的破解/ 281 三、經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)建立初期的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)/ 283 第二節(jié) 由城市經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作主導(dǎo)的增長(zhǎng)階段/ 287 一、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)貸款/ 287 二、鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)資本參與基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)/ 289 三、深圳地鐵建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)中對(duì)次生性資源的開發(fā)和配置/ 291 第三節(jié) 由創(chuàng)新經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作主導(dǎo)的增長(zhǎng)階段/ 295 一、特區(qū)不特/ 295 二、創(chuàng)新型城市建設(shè)/ 299 三、敢為人先的“聚點(diǎn)”效應(yīng)/ 303 四、再看深圳的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)/ 309 Section 4: Growth Stage Dominated by Shared Economic Competition and Cooperation / 312 I. A Path for Higher Education Development Combining Self-Reliance and Introduction of Cooperation / 312 II. Strategies for Building a Comprehensive Innovation Ecosystem that Integrates Resources Inside and Outside the Region to Enhance Innovation Capability / 316 Section 5: Cultivating Competitive Advantage Is the Fundamental Path to Promoting Regional Economic Growth / 324 I. The Economic Growth Practices of Countries Worldwide Indicate the Existence of Dual-entity in Market Competition / 324 II. Three Laws of Regional Competition / 328 III. Cultivating Competitive Advantage Is the Fundamental Path to Promoting Regional Economic Growth / 336 Afterword / 352 第四節(jié) 由共享經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作主導(dǎo)的增長(zhǎng)階段/ 313 一、自力更生與引進(jìn)合作相結(jié)合的高等教育發(fā)展路徑/ 313 二、整合區(qū)域內(nèi)外資源提升創(chuàng)新能力的綜合創(chuàng)新生態(tài)系統(tǒng)建設(shè)方略/ 317 第五節(jié) 培育競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)是推動(dòng)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的根本路徑/ 325 一、世界各國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)實(shí)踐表明市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)存在雙重主體/ 325 二、區(qū)域競(jìng)爭(zhēng)三大定律/ 329 三、培育競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)是推動(dòng)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的根本路徑/ 337 參考文獻(xiàn)/ 340 后記/ 353