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信息技術(shù)與計算機(jī)應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ) 讀者對象:既可作為高職高專、本科院校的計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)及其他相關(guān)專業(yè)的信息技術(shù)課程教材,還可作為信息技術(shù)愛好者的學(xué)習(xí)參考書。 ![]()
本書是指導(dǎo)初學(xué)者學(xué)習(xí)計算機(jī)信息技術(shù)的入門書籍,以實際應(yīng)用為出發(fā)點(diǎn),通過合理的結(jié)構(gòu)和大量來源于實際工作的精彩實例,全面涵蓋了讀者在使用計算機(jī)進(jìn)行日常信息技術(shù)處理過程中所遇到的問題及其解決方案。全書共11 個項目,分別講解信息技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)、Windows 10 操作系統(tǒng)、文檔處理、電子表格處理、演示文稿制作、信息檢索、信息素養(yǎng)與社會責(zé)任、新一代信息技術(shù)概述、信息安全、程序設(shè)計基礎(chǔ)、人工智能。本書按照信息技術(shù)相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行謀篇布局,內(nèi)容通俗易懂,操作步驟詳細(xì),適合各層次院校師生、公司人員、政府工作人員使用,也可作為信息技術(shù)愛好者的參考用書。
林風(fēng)人,男,中共黨員,副教授,現(xiàn)就職于福州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院信息工程學(xué)院,主要負(fù)責(zé)軟件工程、大數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用技術(shù)專業(yè)教學(xué)工作及教學(xué)管理工作,現(xiàn)任全國工業(yè)和信息化職業(yè)教育教學(xué)指導(dǎo)委員會通信職業(yè)教育教學(xué)指導(dǎo)分委員會成果轉(zhuǎn)化專委會委員。
項目1 信息技術(shù)基礎(chǔ) ··························································································.1
1.1 認(rèn)識信息技術(shù) ·····················································································.2 1.1.1 信息技術(shù)的概念 ··········································································.2 1.1.2 人類社會發(fā)展進(jìn)程中的信息技術(shù) ·····················································.2 1.1.3 信息技術(shù)的意義 ··········································································.3 1.2 計算機(jī)的發(fā)展 ·····················································································.3 1.2.1 計算機(jī)的概念 ·············································································.3 1.2.2 計算機(jī)的發(fā)展歷程 ·······································································.4 1.2.3 計算機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢 ·······································································.6 1.3 計算機(jī)的分類、特點(diǎn)與應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 ·····························································.9 1.3.1 計算機(jī)的分類 ·············································································.9 1.3.2 計算機(jī)的特點(diǎn) ············································································.11 1.3.3 計算機(jī)的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 ······································································.11 1.4 計算機(jī)系統(tǒng) ·······················································································.12 1.4.1 計算機(jī)硬件系統(tǒng) ·········································································.13 1.4.2 計算機(jī)軟件系統(tǒng) ·········································································.17 1.4.3 計算機(jī)的主要性能指標(biāo) ································································.18 1.5 計算機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換 ··············································································.19 1.5.1 數(shù)據(jù)的存儲單位 ·········································································.20 1.5.2 計算機(jī)的計數(shù)制 ·········································································.20 1.5.3 進(jìn)制數(shù)間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 ···································································.22 1.6 計算機(jī)內(nèi)部的信息表示與輸入 ·······························································.25 1.6.1 計算機(jī)內(nèi)部信息編碼 ···································································.25 1.6.2 鍵盤 ························································································.27 1.6.3 漢字輸入 ··················································································.29 項目2 Windows 10 操作系統(tǒng) ············································································.33 2.1 操作系統(tǒng)概述 ····················································································.34 2.1.1 操作系統(tǒng)的功能 ·········································································.34 2.1.2 操作系統(tǒng)的主要特征 ···································································.34 2.1.3 操作系統(tǒng)的分類 ·········································································.35 2.1.4 常用操作系統(tǒng) ············································································.36 2.2 Windows 10 基礎(chǔ) ················································································.37 2.2.1 Windows 10 的啟動和關(guān)閉 ····························································.37 2.2.2 Windows 10 桌面 ········································································.38 2.2.3 “開始”菜單 ·············································································.41 2.2.4 任務(wù)欄 ·····················································································.42 2.2.5 窗口 ························································································.43 2.3 文件及文件夾 ····················································································.45 2.3.1 文件及文件夾的概念 ···································································.46 2.3.2 文件及文件夾的管理 ···································································.46 2.4 Windows 10 控制面板 ··········································································.49 2.4.1 鼠標(biāo)設(shè)置 ··················································································.50 2.4.2 鍵盤設(shè)置 ··················································································.51 2.4.3 區(qū)域設(shè)置 ··················································································.51 2.4.4 程序的安裝和卸載 ······································································.52 2.4.5 用戶賬戶 ··················································································.53 2.5 操作系統(tǒng)的個性化設(shè)置 ········································································.54 2.5.1 背景設(shè)置 ··················································································.55 2.5.2 顏色設(shè)置 ··················································································.55 2.5.3 鎖屏界面設(shè)置 ············································································.56 2.5.4 主題設(shè)置 ··················································································.58 2.5.5 “開始”菜單設(shè)置 ·······································································.58 2.5.6 任務(wù)欄設(shè)置 ···············································································.60 項目3 文檔處理 ······························································································.62 3.1 文檔的基本操作 ·················································································.63 3.1.1 WPS 2019 的啟動和退出 ······························································.63 3.1.2 WPS 2019 的文檔操作界面 ···························································.63 3.1.3 文檔的基本操作 ·········································································.65 3.1.4 文本的輸入與編輯 ······································································.68 3.1.5 字符格式化 ···············································································.73 3.1.6 段落格式化 ···············································································.75 3.1.7 項目符號與編號 ·········································································.77 3.1.8 分欄及首字下沉 ·········································································.79 3.1.9 頁面設(shè)置 ··················································································.79 3.1.10 打印預(yù)覽及打印 ·······································································.82 3.2 應(yīng)用形狀、圖片 ·················································································.89 3.2.1 形狀的插入、編輯和修飾 ·····························································.89 3.2.2 圖片的插入和編輯 ······································································.94 3.2.3 文本框的插入和編輯 ···································································.96 3.2.4 藝術(shù)字的創(chuàng)建和編輯 ···································································.97 3.2.5 智能圖形的插入和編輯 ································································.99 3.3 表格的操作和應(yīng)用 ············································································.104 3.3.1 創(chuàng)建表格 ················································································.104 3.3.2 編輯表格 ················································································.105 3.3.3 設(shè)置表格的邊框和底紋 ······························································.107 3.3.4 表格的自動套用格式 ·································································.108 3.3.5 表格的計算與排序功能 ······························································.109 3.4 長文檔排版 ·····················································································.113 3.4.1 頁眉、頁腳的設(shè)置 ····································································.113 3.4.2 分頁與分節(jié) ·············································································.117 3.4.3 樣式 ······················································································.118 3.4.4 編制目錄和索引 ·······································································.119 3.4.5 文檔的修訂與批注 ····································································.120 項目4 電子表格處理 ·······················································································.124 4.1 工作簿和工作表的基本操作 ································································.125 4.1.1 表格的功能和工作界面 ······························································.125 4.1.2 管理工作簿 ·············································································.126 4.1.3 管理工作表 ·············································································.126 4.1.4 行和列的基本操作 ····································································.129 4.1.5 數(shù)據(jù)輸入 ················································································.132 4.1.6 格式化工作表 ··········································································.134 4.2 公式和函數(shù)的使用 ············································································.141 4.2.1 單元格引用 ·············································································.141 4.2.2 輸入與編輯公式 ·······································································.142 4.2.3 使用函數(shù) ················································································.142 4.3 數(shù)據(jù)處理 ························································································.148 4.3.1 數(shù)據(jù)排序 ················································································.148 4.3.2 數(shù)據(jù)篩選 ················································································.150 4.3.3 分類匯總 ················································································.152 4.3.4 有效性數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)置 ·······································································.153 4.3.5 條件格式設(shè)置 ··········································································.156 4.4 圖表分析數(shù)據(jù) ··················································································.161 4.4.1 使用圖表分析數(shù)據(jù) ····································································.161 4.4.2 使用數(shù)據(jù)透視表分析數(shù)據(jù) ···························································.165 4.4.3 使用數(shù)據(jù)透視圖分析數(shù)據(jù) ···························································.170 項目5 演示文稿制作 ·······················································································.177 5.1 制作演示文稿 ··················································································.178 5.1.1 演示文稿的基本操作 ·································································.178 5.1.2 幻燈片的基本操作 ····································································.180 5.1.3 插入圖片 ················································································.182 5.1.4 插入藝術(shù)字 ·············································································.182 5.1.5 插入形狀和文本框 ····································································.183 5.1.6 插入表格 ················································································.183 5.1.7 插入多媒體 ·············································································.184 5.2 模板及母版的使用 ············································································.193 5.2.1 應(yīng)用模板制作演示文稿 ······························································.193 5.2.2 制作母版 ················································································.197 5.2.3 使用母版 ················································································.199 5.3 幻燈片動畫設(shè)計 ···············································································.207 5.3.1 設(shè)置幻燈片的切換動畫 ······························································.207 5.3.2 設(shè)置幻燈片的動畫效果 ······························································.209 5.3.3 插入超鏈接 ·············································································.213 5.3.4 添加交互動作 ··········································································.215 5.4 演示文稿放映和導(dǎo)出 ·········································································.219 5.4.1 放映前的準(zhǔn)備 ··········································································.219 5.4.2 控制放映流程 ··········································································.222 5.4.3 導(dǎo)出演示文稿 ··········································································.225 項目6 信息檢索 ·····························································································.231 6.1 信息檢索基礎(chǔ) ··················································································.231 6.1.1 信息檢索的概念 ·······································································.231 6.1.2 信息檢索的要素 ·······································································.232 6.1.3 信息檢索的基本流程 ·································································.233 6.1.4 信息檢索的方法 ·······································································.234 6.2 使用信息檢索 ··················································································.235 6.2.1 搜索引擎的使用 ·······································································.235 6.2.2 期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫檢索 ·······································································.239 項目7 信息素養(yǎng)與社會責(zé)任 ··············································································.242 7.1 信息素養(yǎng) ························································································.242 7.1.1 信息素養(yǎng)的概念 ·······································································.242 7.1.2 信息素養(yǎng)的主要要素 ·································································.243 7.1.3 提高信息素養(yǎng)的途徑 ·································································.245 7.2 信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展 ···············································································.245 7.2.1 信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展史 ····································································.245 7.2.2 樹立正確的職業(yè)理念 ·································································.246 7.3 信息倫理與職業(yè)行為自律 ···································································.247 7.3.1 信息倫理概述 ··········································································.247 7.3.2 與信息倫理相關(guān)的法律法規(guī) ························································.248 7.3.3 職業(yè)行為自律 ··········································································.248 項目8 新一代信息技術(shù)概述 ··············································································.250 8.1 5G 與物聯(lián)網(wǎng) ····················································································.250 8.1.1 5G 概述 ·················································································.251 8.1.2 5G 網(wǎng)絡(luò)與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的融合發(fā)展 ······················································.251 8.2 云計算、大數(shù)據(jù)與人工智能 ································································.252 8.2.1 云計算概述 ····8.2.2 大數(shù)據(jù)概述 ·············································································.254 8.2.3 云計算、大數(shù)據(jù)與人工智能的融合發(fā)展 ·········································.255 8.3 VR/AR/MR 技術(shù) ···············································································.256 8.3.1 VR 概述 ·················································································.256 8.3.2 AR 概述 ·················································································.257 8.3.3 MR 概述 ················································································.257 8.3.4 VR/AR/MR 技術(shù)的應(yīng)用 ·····························································.258 項目9 信息安全 ·····························································································.261 9.1 信息安全意識 ··················································································.261 9.1.1 建立信息安全意識 ····································································.262 9.1.2 常見的網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺詐行為 ·································································.262 9.2 信息安全概述 ··················································································.264 9.2.1 信息安全概念 ··········································································.264 9.2.2 信息安全基本要素 ····································································.265 9.2.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全等級保護(hù) ····································································.265 9.3 信息安全常見威脅及防御 ···································································.266 9.3.1 計算機(jī)病毒與防治 ····································································.266 9.3.2 分布式拒絕服務(wù)攻擊及防御 ························································.267 9.3.3 木馬的攻擊與防治 ····································································.268 9.4 信息安全應(yīng)用 ··················································································.270 9.4.1 使用殺毒軟件查殺計算機(jī)病毒 ·····················································.270 9.4.2 防火墻管理 ·············································································.271 項目10 程序設(shè)計基礎(chǔ) ·····················································································.273 10.1 程序設(shè)計基礎(chǔ)知識 ···········································································.273 10.1.1 程序設(shè)計概述 ········································································.274 10.1.2 程序設(shè)計語言 ········································································.274 10.1.3 程序設(shè)計過程 ········································································.275 10.2 Python 程序設(shè)計 ·············································································.276 10.2.1 Python 語言簡介 ·····································································.276 10.2.2 Python 開發(fā)環(huán)境配置 ·······························································.277 10.2.3 Python 程序運(yùn)行方式 ·······························································.281 10.2.4 數(shù)據(jù)類型 ··············································································.283 10.2.5 常量和變量 ···········································································.285 10.2.6 運(yùn)算符 ·················································································.288 10.2.7 函數(shù) ····················································································.290 10.2.8 程序結(jié)構(gòu) ··············································································.295 10.2.9 程序的流程控制 ·····································································.300 10.2.10 錯誤和異常處理 ····································································.301 項目11 人工智能 ···························································································.307 11.1 人工智能基礎(chǔ)知識 ···········································································.307 11.1.1 人工智能的定義 ·····································································.307 11.1.2 人工智能的發(fā)展 ·····································································.308 11.2 人工智能核心技術(shù) ···········································································.308 11.2.1 計算機(jī)視覺 ···········································································.308 11.2.2 機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí) ··············································································.309 11.2.3 深度學(xué)習(xí) ··············································································.309 11.2.4 自然語言處理 ········································································.309 11.2.5 知識圖譜 ··············································································.310 11.2.6 人機(jī)交互 ··············································································.310 11.2.7 自主無人系統(tǒng)技術(shù) ··································································.310 11.3 人工智能技術(shù)應(yīng)用 ···········································································.310
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